This current study was planned to explore the variation and determine the target traits conferring drought tolerance in maize. Agronomy free fulltext measuring maize seedling drought. Climate projections suggest higher temperatures within drought. Developing drought and low n tolerant maize cimmyt. Identification of candidate genes for drought tolerance by. High yielding and drought tolerant genotypes identified by multivariate analysis. In the last decade, new phenotyping and genomics technologies have enabled evaluation of new breeding approaches intended to accelerate the rate of genetic improvement of drought tolerant maize hybrids for drought prone environments across the us cornbelt.
Association of a few ssr markers with functional traits was elucidated. Maize, one of the leading cereal crops in the world, is sensitive to drought stress. Genetic dissection of maize drought tolerance for trait. Evaluation of drought tolerance in corn zea mays l. Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors for maize production. Functional mechanisms of drought tolerance in maize through. In dicot crops, measuring survival and recovery of seedlings has been successful in predicting drought tolerance but has not been reported in c4 grasses such as maize.
In this study we evaluated 300 maize inbred lines testcrossed to cml539. Maize harvests are affected by drought stress at different growth stages in different regions. Pdf evaluation of drought tolerant maize varieties under drought. Screening for drought tolerance in maize zea mays l. Drought, like many other environmental stresses, has adverse effects on crop yield including maize zea mays l. Breeding for drought tolerance in maize zea mays l a. Request pdf breeding maize for drought tolerance early knowledge of the weather factors of subsaharan africa ssa showed that the agroclimatic zones were characterized by consistent and. Plants free fulltext screening for drought tolerance in. The effects of thiourea in improving drought tolerance in maize were studied from 201012.
Aug 01, 2020 drought is a major limiting factor affecting crop productivity. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf read fulltext. Identification of drought tolerant mechanisms in a drought. A transposable element in a nac gene is associated with. Pdf screening at an early seedling stage for identification. This study compared two maize populations, zm601 and zm607 for drought tolerance during flowering, the most drought vulnerable period for the maize plant.
In addition to drought tolerance, the varieties have other attractive traits, such as resistance to major diseases and high protein content. Relative water content and leaf water potential were found to be better indicators. Olakunle kelvin akinroluyo, kristina jaskune, vilma kemesyte, grazina statkeviciute, drought stress response of westerwolths ryegrass lolium multiflorum ssp. Ramshini4 abstract in order to study the effect of drought stress on morphophysiologic characteristics, yield and yield components of 8 new hybrids of corn zea maize l. Seedlings of sixtytwo diverse maize inbred lines and their hybrid testcross progeny were evaluated. Notably, a privatepublic sector partnership wema hopes to release the first biotech drought tolerant maize as early as 2017 in subsaharan africa where the need for drought tolerance is greatest. Strategies for crop production under drought and low n stresses in. Maize responses to drought drought is a multidimensional stress, affecting plants at various levels of their organization over space and time, so that the physiological responses to it are complex and often unpredictable. The maize argos8 gene negatively regulates the ethylene response by encoding a protein that interacts with the ethylene receptor. Thirteen maize hybrids were evaluated under stress and non stress conditions during 200910 kharif season. Temperature and drought effects on maize yield nature. Pdf evaluation of maize core collection for drought tolerance.
Levels of residual genetic variability were determined in two low. Consult the documents andor contact the holder for additional rights questions and requests. Studies on applying snp markers to breeding droughttolerant. An artificially created waterstress environment is. Conclusion and perspectives breeding for drought tolerance in maize is a complex task, not least because drought can affect the crop at any stage of development. Seedling evaluation of grain quality responses and drought. Pdf drought tolerance improvement in tropical maize. Pdf breeding for drought tolerance in maize zea mays l. Identification and transfer of asi quantitative trait loci. Sulfur s is recognized as the fourth major nutrient after nitrogen n, phosphorus p and potassium k. With the availability of maize b73 reference genome and wholegenome resequencing of 15 maize inbreds, common variants cv and clustering analyses were applied to identify nonsynonymous snps nssnps and corresponding candidate genes for drought tolerance. First experiment was screening trial in which seven maize hybrids. Low water availability is one of the major causes for maize yield reductions affecting the majority of the farmed regions around the world. Drought tolerance is an important attribute of commercial maize.
Characterization of maize inbred lines for drought and. Improving drought tolerance in maize zea mays by exogenous. Methods in crop improvement for drought resistance. Understanding the nature of drought response in maize and some major strategies used for improving drought stress tolerant maize lines will pro vide opportunities to improve the breeding process. The need to breed maize cultivars with improved drought tolerance is apparent. Therefore, it is essential to improve the drought tolerance of maize at the. Research in model species suggests that tolerance to combined drought and heat stress is genetically distinct from tolerance to either stress alone, but this has not been confirmed in maize. Eighteen drought tolerant indices including tolerance index tol, stress tolerance index sti, stress susceptibility index ssi, harmonic mean hm, geometric mean. Seedling evaluation of grain quality responses and drought tolerance in maize by guei, robert gouantoueu. More than 20% yield loss is through drought drought at seedling stage stops cell division and cause cessation of growth drought reduces the length and weight of shoot drought reduces. Grain and silage yields with the 150% n rate were 7 and 12% greater for the drought.
Evaluation of maize core collection for drought tolerance. Genetic dissection of maize drought tolerance for trait improvement. Improving drought tolerance in maize plant breeding. Characterization of maize inbred lines for drought and heat. To gain a comprehensive understanding of transcriptomic reprogramming under drought stress in maize zea mays l.
Many drought responsive genes maize genetics conference in washington d. N populations using selfed progeny evaluations, and results obtained indicate large genotypic and phenotypic variances for grain yield under both low. In this study, 27 responsive traits of germination g and seedlings growth were evaluated for 40 accessions of the leibniz institute of plant genetics and crop. Under normal and tension drought stress tol and ssi were the best indices for introduce drought tolerant maize hybrids. Coordinated regulation of carbon and nitrogen assimilation. The research entitled screening at early seedling stage for identification of drought tolerant genotypes in maize was carried in agronomy lab of prithu technical college, lamahi, dang during 2018. Plant drought tolerance can be managed by adopting strategies such as mass screening and breeding, markerassisted selection. Six years of addressing african smallholder farmers needs. In addition, 27 f2 families demonstrating drought tolerance and high grain yield were selected as primary materials for breeding maize hybrids. The aim of this study was to evaluate accessions of. Therefore, the development of drought tolerant lines becomes increasingly more important. Assessment of drought tolerance in maize zea mays l. Molecular and physiological approaches to maize improvement. Gains under drought versus multilocation testing in related tropical maize populations.
Seed companies strive to produce newer hybrids and varieties with enhanced tolerance to stressful growing conditions. Drought tolerance in maize is influenced by timing of drought. Plants free fulltext screening for drought tolerance in maize. This study is among the first to investigate genetic diversity at important gene paralogs zmlox4 and zmlox5 believed to. To identify and develop drought tolerant maize zea mays l. Similar results on the selection of drought tolerant genotypes of durum wheat, based on the combination of indices by the biplot method, were reported, thereby this method is better than one index alone to identify superior genotypes for drought conditions.
Introduction drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting crop productivity boyer, 1982. Drought tolerance, nicotiana protein kinase, photosynthesis rate, transgenic maize, zea mays. Due to the great influence of drought on flowering, the gap between male and female flowering is a variable used in the selection of drought tolerant genotypes bruce et al. However, practical aspects of selecting for root traits in maize is labour, resource and time intensive hund et al. A range of morphological and physiological traits have been linked to drought tolerance in plants, which include root morphology and rooting depth, plant architecture, leaf area, cuticular. Its aim is to inform partners and the general public at large about developments related to drought tolerant maize in subsaharan africa. Identification and transfer of asi quantitative trait loci qtl.
Jan 01, 2002 evidence of variations for available water within a field kitchen et al. Drought stress it is a period of shortage of rainfall or nonavailability of the rainfall to the crop plants. Maize is known to be susceptible to drought stress, which negatively affects vegetative growth and biomass production, as well as the formation of reproductive organs and yield parameters. In the course of recurrent selection for drought tolerance in six tropical maize zea mays l. Molecular mapping across three populations reveals a qtl. Rainfall and crop water requirement for maize, ibadan, nigeria. Achieving this requires an understanding of the maize crops behavior. Drought tolerant biotechtransgenic maize, is the most advanced, and the first biotech maize will be launched commercially in the usa in 20. Effect of peg induced drought stress on seed germination and.
Pdf genotype by environment effects and selection for. Pdf evaluation of maize core collection for drought. Previous research comparing the agronomic performance of drought tolerant and standard maize hybrids investigated. This study is among the first to investigate genetic diversity at important gene paralogs zmlox4 and zmlox5 believed to be highly conserved among all eukaryotes. Progress in achieving and delivering drought tolerance in. Drought tolerance in maize hybrids has been evaluated using the pca analysis. Drought stress ranges from moderate to severe every year because soil profiles are seldom saturated and short periods without rain can cause serious stress. Breeding for drought and nitrogen stress tolerance in maize. Sep 01, 1983 there is a region of dryland maize production in eastern south dakota, nebraska, and kansas where drought tolerance is very important.
Potential benefits of drought and heat tolerance for. Trehalose accumulation in azospirillum brasilense improves. Maize responses to drought drought is a multidimensional stress, affecting plants at various levels of their organi. Delivering drought tolerance in maize an update is entirely excerpted from the. Jun 05, 2017 drought tolerance, the existence of variability among the available maize germplasm is a key to success for the maize breeders. Screening for drought tolerance of maize hybrids by multi. Maize breeding for tolerance to low nitrogen and drought. Physiological mechanism of drought tolerance of maize. Maize harvests are affected by drought stress at different growth stages in. Jan 17, 2020 grain yield was 10% greater with the drought. Drought tolerance in maize is influenced by timing of. The dt maize varieties have been bred using modern conventional methods, without genetic modification.
Apr 04, 2014 improving drought tolerance in maize zea mays 1. Sulfatemediated drought tolerance in maize involves regulation at. Yield improvement in maize for tolerance to low soil nitrogen. Proceedings of the 47th annu al corn and sorghum industry research conference, chicago the authors would like to. N environments for effective selection, while heritability. Launched in 2006, the drought tolerant maize for africa dtma project aims to mitigate drought and other constraints to maize production in subsaharan africa, increasing maize yields by at least one ton per hectare under moderate drought and with a 20 to 30% increase over farmers. However, practical aspects of selecting for root traits in maize is labour, resource and time intensive hund et. Drought is a major factor limiting maize zea mays l. Four green house and one field experiment was carried out at research area of agronomy department. Identification of maize germplasm with superior drought andor heat tolerance is essential and. Improvement of drought tolerance in maize inoculated with a. Plants free fulltext screening for drought tolerance.
Estimation of drought tolerance among maize landraces from minicore collection. Breeding for drought tolerance in maize zea mays l. Breeding droughttolerant maize hybrids for the us cornbelt. Drought tolerance an overview sciencedirect topics. Improving drought and heat tolerance in maize has become one of the top priorities for maize breeding programs in both private and public sectors. Pdf screening drought tolerance criteria in maize asian. An apparent distinction between drought susceptible maize and a drought tolerant hybrid relies on the capacity of the latter to restrict water use during the preflowering stage, and the consequential improvement in the plant water status. Therefore, this investigation was designed to assess the role of exogenous sa application in inducing maize drought tolerance, based on changes in some traits such as growth, yield, its components and some physiological and anatomical trials. The project of maize breeding for tolerance to low n was established at nsw fcrc in 1995 with the objectives of developing inbred lines, hybrids and populations tolerant to low n. Drought is the major abiotic stress limiting maize production in large part of. Identification of drought, heat, and combined drought and. For ensuring further progress in drought tolerance in maize, the. Drought is one of the most detrimental forms of abiotic stress around the world and seriously limits the productivity of agricultural crops.
Maize, drought tolerance, biplot, modified stress tolerance index introduction1 to. In this study, 27 responsive traits of germination g and seedlings growth were evaluated for 40 accessions of. In this study, 27 responsive traits of germination g and seedlings growth were evaluated for 40 accessions of the leibniz institute of plant genetics and crop plant research ipk germplasm collection. Irrigation intervals, maize, salicylic, ultrastructure introduction maize zea mays l. Pdf evaluation of drought tolerance in maize hybrids zea. A study was conducted to identify drought tolerant hybrids. It causes 24 million tons of yield loss in maize annually heisey and edmeades, 1999. Drought tolerance is a complex phenomenon involving mechanisms such as early maturity, avoidance, tolerance, and desiccation tolerance blum, 1988. Inbred lines were extracted from dtp c 9 and lps c 7 cycles and then used for generating single and threeways hybrids. Drought tolerant maize for farmer adaptation to drought in. However, in maize, a major effect of water stress is a delay in silk. Progress in breed ing for drought tolerance in maize. Research paper expression of the nicotiana protein kinase.
Future progress in drought tolerance in maize needs new. Identification of maize germplasm with superior drought andor heat tolerance is essential and prerequisite for such propose. Identification of functional mechanisms associated with drought tolerance in maize. Pdf newly developed drought tolerant maize zea mays l.
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